Apparatus for the classifying and separation of solid bodies by combined action of orientation, deviation, and derivation



R. E. TROTTIER. APPARATUS FOR THE CLASSIFYING AND SEPARATION OF SOLIDBODIES BY COMBINED ACTION OF ORIENTATION, DEVIATION, AND DERIVATION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 21,191?- 1,400,390.

Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

I A REE. women. APPARATUS FOR THE CLASSIFYING AND SEPARATION OF SOLIDBODIES BY COMBINED ACTION OF ORIENTATION, DEVIATIOIN, AND DEBIVATION.

. APPLICATION EILED' NOV, 21, 19H- 1,400,390 Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

j? 2 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MMM

RENE EMILE TROTTIEB, 01? PUTEAUX,

APPARATUS FOR GLASSIFYZN Alli EPTPAEJLTIGN 03: BY

ACTION OF ORIENTATION. DEVIATION, AND DEREVATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 21, 1917. Serial No. 203,278.

(GRANTED UNDER THE FROVISIQHS (BE THE To #7? whom 2? may concern:

Be it known that l, linnr': EMILE Tnorrinu, a citizen oi the ltlopublico't France, and a resident of 84: Rue de la Rpuloliquei Puteaux. Feinc.in the Republic of France. llfl e invc'ntcd a new and useful lpna atusthe Classifying: and i' f lol d Bodies sanitation by Combined Action of@rieiiliation Deviation, and Derivation, (for which i have filedapplication in France Feb. i916.) ct which the tolltwrin. is a spec-iiThis invcntic s in an apparatus for the tying an tion of solid bodiesaccordi to which t particles to be separated are first classifiedsimultaneously by equivalence and acct rdintzj to their shape thensubmitted to the acti-tf of appropriate separatin;- currents determiningsuccessively the deviation andthe regression or derivation'of theparticles according to their equivalence and their shape. This improvedapparatus, utilizing; simul taneously the difference of the form ot thegrains and their equivalence, permits the separatiou of suhstances'otthcsame den sity and the same equivalence, but ct (litierent nature andform, and consequently a classification giving results superior to thoseobtained by apparatus hitherto used and dealing with the samesubstances. being; etfccted.

To render the following description clear. it may be here stated thattwo bodies are termedequivalent when they sink in water at the same rateBy the term deviation is meant the action produced in a body falling ina fluid and resisting medium by an incidental force whose directioumakcsany angle with the vertical, the vertical component of this force beinginsufficient to reverse the direction of movement of the fall ng bodyand, consequently, smaller than that nec sary to counterbalance theweight of the body, deduction being made for the volume of waterdisplaced. Finally. by the term derivation is meant the action producedunder the above indicated conditions by an incidental force in adirection opposed to the vertical or making with the latter an angleless than 90, the vertical component of L tillS force being sufiicientto reverse the direction of movement of the falhng body, and conadensity but 01'? very difilercnt form for ere tion of least resistance.more slowly the nearer the position 01' tell 38cc. l3, lo /l s, c1 t.,3.313.)

. fill with ins oi coiial volume and m n l e one sph (as. rl the otherilat.'the ihcrical {rain falls vertically in a stra' 'ht \vliih tintgrain lows croe or in other words ta cs about or oscila and it does in ireach the bottom of l ssl. till ati'c. he fpllfilli'itll grain. Qnrepeating this experiment after putting; the water in motion from bottomto top, will be found that the spherical. 'n. on the contraiy. will.reach the bottom the =scl after the flat grain if the plane of the atcstor ciicctivc section of the latter is istantially vertical. This isbecause the at on the spherical action of the cuirr is maintainedconstant by reason of tic eticctive section of such a grain remaininginvar' leg while the tlat grain immediatcly orientated or turned by thecurren in manner present to the current th The flat 'ain tans its plansof greatest section approaches the horirontal. plane.

Thus, the spec fluid and resii" escent of bodies in a iuin decreaseas'the ratio of their and increase thisratio and as the 0 flow of themedium when the medium is in movement and the plane of the largestsection 01? the body appi.'oaches the vertical. Ry interposing devicesappropriate for tie viation and derivation while these phenomena areproduced, it should be possible to ob tain an eltective separation ofthe bodies accordinc 'to their forms and quite inclepend ently of theirdensity. Such is the basis oi the present invention; 7 i Fig ui'e l ofthe accompanying drawings is a diagrammatic view of the apparatus in itssimplest form.

Figs. 2 and 3 are a vertical section and a plan showing the preferredconstruction of the apparatus l Fig. lisa vertical section showing thefeeding of the apparatus by means of an oscillating separating device ofthe kind described in the United States Patent No. 10374301, datedSeptember th 1913.

' In the several figures corresponding parts are denoted by similarnumerals.

The apparatus in Fig. 1 is composed of a vessel having two parallelvertical walls 1, a third wall 2 that is inclined and a fourth wall 3,which preferably is also slightly inclined or curved. At a suitabledistance from this latter is arranged a partition 4 in a manner to forma passage 5. On the inclined wall. 2 is placed a plate 11 with a bentend, which extends to about the level of the lower end of the passage 5.At about that level commence two diverging emptying channels 7 and 8,and adyoining the latter 1s another channel 9. Qpposite plate 11, a duct10 opens into the side wallof the vessel and conducts again-st the lowerface of the plate 11 water under pressure in a manner to set up anascendmg current of water in passage 5, whlle a slight descend ngcurrent is set up in the vessel by means of an adduction of water. Thefeeding in of the material to be classified is effected by means of asuitable distributer arranged at 12 above the levelof the water andoverthe inclined wall 2. The compartment 6 is provided with an overflow 13and the passage 5 is also fillportion of wall 2 and the plate 11; theround pf water issuing fromthe side duct 10, are mmediately carried bythe current into the grains advance in front of the flat grains sincethe latter fall slowerand are, moreover, retarded by rubbing on plate11. On

arrival at the bottom of plate 11 the lightest grains, incapable oftraversing the currentpassage 5 up to the level of the overflow, .4,while the heavier grains, capable of travers mg the current fall towardthe orifice of the outlet 7. The round grains, too light to reach outlet7 but too heavy to reach overflow 14. rise part "way up the passage 5,then fall, sliding along wall 3 of the vessel and finally arrive atoutlet 9, or they are thrown directly into 8 by deviation. 4

As to the flat grains, which slide in rear of the round grains on theinclined surfaces 2, 11, lying on their large face, they are presentedflatwise to the ascending current, that is to say under conditions, mostunfavorable for traversing it and, retainedin this position by thedescending current inthe vessel. they are diverted toward the passage 5the 1 ,aoaseo combined effect of the two currents is such as to turnthem so that they present their smallest section tothe flow of thewater, and, consequently, fall, sliding along the outer wall 3 where theascending current is slower than on the opposing wall 4, and finally.

At overflow 14, light products, or of low A equivalence (derivedMoreover, if the substances are sedimentary, the fine particles insuspension are evacuated by the overflow 13 in the compartment 6 of thevessel.

. Itgoes without saying that when there is no disadvantage in mixingseveral kinds of products, the outlet ducts 8 and 9 can be combined inone or both can be omitted.

The apparatus above described is free from the faults found in theSpitz-Kristen apparatus generally used for classifying by equivalencesubstances too line for their volumetric classification to be possible.

In the improvedsystem of classified sepa ration as it will be seentheparticles, after submission to a classification byequivalence instill water, are subjected to a second classification, according totheir form, in moving water, without any particle being able to remainis suspension at any moment.

A more practical form of the apparatus for effectingthe' object of theinvention is constructechas shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in a manner to allowof its adjustment for obtaining the best results for a given substanceand to adaptthe apparatus to the classification of different substances.1'

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 an auxiliary partition 15 is added, andbelow it is a spindle 16 about which is adapted to turn a plate 17connectedby a hinge 18 to plate 4 to which is given the same curvatureas the fixed wall 3 of the vessel; at the upper part of this plate 4 isarticulated a bell crank lever 19 whose axis of rotation 20 is carriedby the fixed walls of the vessel. By operating this lever the plate '4can be brought nearer (as indicated indotted lines a in Fig. 2) or.retracted farther from the wall of the vessel in order to increase ordiminish regulating the passage way between piece 18 and piece 24, andconsequently the speed Leooeeo of the current descending in the vessel,without interfering with the parallelism of walls 4 and 5 for theascending current.

On plate 17 is articulated one end of a connecting rod 22, adjustable bymeans of the members 23, the other end of rod 22 being attached to theflanged plate 11; plate 11 is displaced at the same time as the movablepartition at and the position of its bent end is automatically adjustedby the same regulation as that for the section of passage 5.

Finally, a register Bel sliding on the wall of the outlet passage 7 andfurnished with clamping screws 25 permits the size of the entranceorifice of this passage, and the amplitude of the deviation, beingregulated.

' A weighted shutter 26, movable on the knife edges 27 can under theaction of the current of water entering at 10 turn aside in a manner todistribute it and to regulate it,

The height of the overflow weir 14, at the upper part of the curvedpartition 3, is adjusted by means of the removable wooden frames 28 heldbetween guides. The same arrangement is applied to the overflow gutter13.

For feeding the apparatus shown, Figs. 2 and 3, a vertical ,distributerwith prongs 12 arranged in the main compartment of the vessel isemployed. For preference, the diluted substance is thrown intermittentlyon to the distributer so that the flat grains are not submitted at thesame time as the round grains to the action of the currents at the lowerpart of the inclined plate 11; this, however, is not indispensable.

In Fig. i is an apparatus in which the distributer 12 is replaced by anoscillating device 29 of the kind described in the above cited patentwhich is adapted to cause a classification by volume and density,without the in luence of equivalence, before the classification byequivalence which will be effected by derivation, which permits acomplete washing operation giving the desired concentration andseparation. It goes without saying that for each substance which it maybe desired to classify there should be employed a series of thesecombined apparatus. with differently perforated screens constituting theoscillatory devices.

Grains larger than the. screen perforation and of high equivalence goingout at the head of the oscillatingscreen 29, fall into the conduit 30situated in front of the vessel. to be treated in an oscillator having ascreen with larger pcnfora tions. The lighter grains of smallequivalence, going out at the lower end. fall into 31 in the middlecompartment of the vessel and are constantly evacuated, for instance bymeans of an Archimedean screw 32, All the grains passing through themeshes of the screen will be subjected to the action of the derivationcurrents in the manner described above.

Having: thus described my invention, what .L claim as new and desire tosecure by Let ters Patent is p 1. Apparatus of the character describedcomprising, a vessel, means for supplying a classifying medium to theupper part thereof, means for depositing in the medium ma terial to beclassified, a downwardly extending surface adapted to interrupt thedowir ward movement of the material, a partition arranged adjacent theside of the vessel op posite said surface for forming a channel betweensaid partition and said side of the f' vessel, a downwardly extendingoutlet from said vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from saidchannel, an outlet at the top of said channel, and means for supplying aclassifying medium to the lower portion of the vessel to ascend in saidchannel, whereby the material is classified and different parts thereofejected from said various outlets;

'2. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means forsupplying a classifying medium to the'upper part thereof, means forintermittently depositing in" the medium materials of different form tobe classified, a downwardly extending sur face adapted to interrupt thedownward movement of the material, a partition arranged adjacent theside of the vessel opposite said surface for forming a channel betweensaid partition and said side of the vessel, a downwardly extendingoutlet from said vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from saidchannel, an outlet at the top of said channel, and means for supplying aclassifying medium to the lower portion of the vessel to ascend in saidchannel, whereby the material is classified and different parts thereofejected from said various outlets.

3. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means forsupplying a classifying medium to the upper part there of, means fordepositing in the medium material to be classified, a downwardlyextending surface adapted to interrupt the downward movement of thematerial, an auxiliary partition located in the vessel and fitted todirect the material toward said surface, a main partition arrangedadjacent the side of the vessel opposite said surface for forming achannel between said partition and said side of the vessel, a downwardlyextending outlet from said vessel, a downwardly extending outlet fromsaid channel, an outlet at the top of said channel, means for supplyinga classifying medium to the lower portion of the vessel to ascend insaid channel, and means for varying the distance between said surfaceand said auxiliary part tion and between said main partition and theadjacent side of said vessel, whereby the material is classified anddifferent parts thereof ejected from said various outlets.

4. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means forsupplying a classifying medium to the upper part there of, means fordepositing in the medium material to be classified, a downwardlyextending surface adapted to interrupt the downward movement of thematerial, an auxiliary partition located in the vessel and fitted todirect the material toward said surface, a main partition arran edadjacent the side of the vessel opposite said surface for forming achannel between said partition and said side of the vessel, a downwardlyextending outlet from said vessel, a downwardly extending outlet fromsaid channel, an outlet at the top of said channel, means for supplyinga classifying medium to the lowerportion of the vessel to ascend in saidchannel, and means for varying the distance between said surface andsaid auxiliary partition and between said main partition and theadjacent side of said vessel and for varying theisize of the downwardlyextending outlet from the vessel, whereby the material is classified anddifierent parts thereof eject ed from said various outlets.

5. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means forsupplying a classifying medium to the upper part thereof, means fordepositing in the medium material to be classified, means for supplyinga classifying medium to the lower portion of the vessel, outlets at thebottom and top of the vessel, a main partition in said vessel, anauxiliary partition in said vessel, said auxiliary partition beingconnected to said main partition, a downwardly extending surface in saidvessel, and a slide located in an outlet in the bottom of the vessel,both said partitions, said surface and said slide being adjustable foraffecting the conditions of treatment of the material whereby the samemay be properly classified.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, 1 have signedmy name in presence of two witnesses, this seventh day of February,1917.

RENE sinnn rnorrmn. I

